A Study on How Contents can be distributed through Free Essays

With these advancements, there is a more prominent open door for understudies to take an interest and work together with one another. Beside its convenientce cell phones, for example, keenness and tablets are more sensibly valued than work areas and workstations. Cell phones are not quite the same as PC or work stations. We will compose a custom paper test on A Study on How Contents can be appropriated through or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Cell phones are little, convenient and minimal. They can frequently fit In a pocket or handbag. In contrast to PCs, are costly and substantial, cell phones are moderately ease, lightweight, and some work a long emulate on a charge or a few standard dispensable or battery-powered batteries. Cell phones are additionally the most effortless strategy for getting to the web. Most cell phones are spouse prepared and can undoubtedly associate with any wife switches accessible in the territory. Numerous cell phones can, as a result, be â€Å"filled up† with a long time of preparing and require no association with a system, remote or something else, until the opportunity arrives to supplant old preparing content with new substance, or to transfer the consequences of evaluations to a learning the executives framework fit for following portable students. In many preparing circumstances, the learning experience for the understudy is to a great extent unaffected by the manner in which the cell phone gets to Information, remote or something else. Or maybe, what separates m-gaining from learning Is simply the idea of the cell phone (Hanukkah Prelacy 2003). In correspondence hypothesis, the scientist needs to concentrate on the components that can Influence the nature of the message through various sort of media. There are two significant angles that can influence the message; the physical conveyance of the substance, for example, system or telephone lines and the impression of the message (Miracle, 2005) Architectural Design Extensible Markup Language (XML) coded-information can be changed over into other organized arrangements in a typical engineering for multi-station conveyance frameworks for m-learning, for example, Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML), Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMILE), Portable Document Format (PDF), and so forth. XML coded-information Is adjusted to the capacities of the mentioning gadget by means of fitting change forms. Along these lines such a model of multi channel conveyance frameworks empowers the adjustment of learning substance to gadget, wanted degree of subtleties of aim and semantic perspectives. The model demonstrates some momentous points of interest. Definition (DAD). The XML approach permits the meaning of change forms (e. G. Utilizing the XML change language XSLT, SOLO, or the XML question language Query). Such changes empower simple adjustment of learning substance to given necessities. Change forms empower ongoing conveyance just as conveyance of online substance. Constant conveyance is utilized for online access to the substance, where a brisk adjustment to learners’ prerequisites is mentioned. Most specialists despite everything incline toward eating on a written word since explores show that learning on the web altogether lessens learning proficiency and accelerates uniform of the students. That is, the point at which the online substance are the customary printed contents. These days, there are as of now accessible instructive APS and gadgets that can be use by the understudies. These APS and gadgets are intuitive in nature with likely activitys, video and sound. Show Lectures in the Mobile The researcher’s approach in changing the current workstation-based showcase talks to cell phones depends on utilizing an open nonexclusive determination language. Given the mixed media substance of online talks, SMILE 2. 0 was utilized. It is a XML based language for portraying rich time sensitive sight and sound substance (WAC 2001). By building a converter from the flow online talks to SMILE the scientist had the option to: (1) utilize the current arrangement of programming instruments for creating on the web address contents and related medias; (2) produce yield that can be conveyed to any gadget that bolsters a SMILE 2. Player; (3) conceivably incorporate materials from different sources, for example, Microsoft Powering, Macromedia Flash, and so forth rather than the showcase structures in the portable that require a workstation or PC, a m-learning address is executed as a SMILE content through a SMILE. O player running on a tidied gadget. The content â€Å"choreographs† the introduction of full screen slides and their energized overlays (put away in GIF, JEEP or BUMP designs) with music and emissary (put away in either MPH or WAVE positions). Control of the talk introduction is taken care of by means of a lot of little notable fastens in a thin â€Å"bar† at the highest point of the presentation. The route fastens presently accessible are: â€Å"move forward a slide†, â€Å"move back a slide†, â€Å"play the lease slide†, and â€Å"go to the slide index†. Furthermore, a hunt framework runs in corresponding with the Pocket SMILE player and empowers a client to look for text events in the emissary. The inquiry framework returns references to the slides, and liveliness successions inside the slides, where the questioned text happens (Smitten Crimson, 2007). Figure 1: The talks show in portable framework design Figure 1 shows that talks are changed over taking as info the first content records with the distinctive average components, for example, pictures, sound, video, and writings The converter consequently identifies and separates slide titles and remembers them for a slide file document; this is utilized to give a â€Å"table of contents† to that address. The transcript of the emissary text is checked to make a record of terms for the inquiry framework; in building the file the converter expels accentuation marks, evacuates some stop words, and afterward applies stemming. The first content document is then changed over to a Compatibles content record appropriate for show on a handheld PC. During this procedure, the slide and pictures are turned and the sound records changed over to MPH from the first uncompressed BIFF position. The MPH documents require around one eighth of the capacity is about a fraction of the time it takes to introduce in the talk theater (with no crowd interest). A live talk that fills a one (1) hour address opening, possesses around 12 megabytes of handheld stockpiling (Shares, 2007). Multiplicand administration: the proposed framework The proposed framework shows how substance can be appropriated through a multi channel administration. A channel is characterized as an engineering that can help substance to a gadget through explicit collaboration programming. Following diverts have been researched in this conversation [8, 9, 10]: Mobile telephones utilizing the WOMB markup draw in ; Laptops utilizing the HTML markup language ; tablets utilizing the SMILE markup language the application portrayal for framework outlines in figure (2), the entrance to the application is made by two phases, customer and intermediary, every one with various functionalities. The scientist made suspicions and confinements. The exploration doesn't concentrate on the XML jargon used to store the substance and the capacity engineering. It doesn't concentrate on structure and design of the website page, yet the fundamental innovation. Additionally, the multiplicand administration has support for programs that handle the accompanying markup connects, for example, HTML, SMILE and WOMB. The analyst accept that the Quality of Service (So) is perfect, so as to arrive at gadget adjustment, it is expected to fabricate interface related philosophy, and the cosmology based programmed adjustment is examined. The customer can be PDA or PC, and the server can recognize the various types of access gadgets. With the substance control innovation, for example, C/UP convention, the server gets the gadget and program highlights and returns back the best possible interface introduction. Exploratory Test for Multiplicand System On the customer side, three sorts of remote gadgets were utilized. First is the Samsung world expert PDA. It utilizes shrewd telecoms administration that gives a most extreme 13 Kbps move rate. The subsequent one is Macomb master PC center 17 with 2. 2 GHz processor, 8 KGB RAM a 802. Leg good remote card to interface with the passage in the lab. The association rate was at 11 Mbps. This is viewed as a top of the line gadget. The third one is the Samsung cosmic system tab and utilizations a similar system connector and system association as the PC however with less calculation force and memory. The intermediary server is customized and runs as a workstation. The intermediary code incorporates a few modules as a typical intermediary server does. They are a server side module, liable for setting up an association with the web server; a customer side module, responsible for the association with customers; a store the executives module; and a BPML parser. The web server utilized is Google. Com . The HTML page of Google. Com is not as much as k and once in a while change, as in figure (2) over, three cases are intended to download a part of the page to the customer, which is about kick size. In the remote case the page is downloaded from the inception webpage. The customer conveys a mission, at that point the intermediary transfers the solicitation to the root webpage, having gotten the customer, the pages of the sites were moved on to the intermediary server’s neighborhood circle, and embedded a few sets of labels into the beginning pages. Upon the user’s demand, the parts set apart with Priority value=l are extricated and sent back to the customer, and the stored case, a separated duplicate of the site, is moved on to the intermediary. When the user’s demand showed up, the duplicate was conveyed right away. Figure (3) shows the all out time estimated between the user’s conveying the solicitation and getting the ideal page. The exhibitions of reserved and extricated cases are fundamentally the same as, though the remote case has a few significant degrees of bigger recovering time. Every hub speaks to the normal time gathered from 7 runs in the day of t

Definition and Examples of Declarative Questions

Definition and Examples of Declarative Questions An explanatory inquiry is aâ yes-no inquiry that has the type of a decisive sentence yet is spoken with rising sound toward the end. Explanatory sentences are normally utilized in casual discourse to communicate amaze or request check. The most probable reaction to a definitive inquiry is understanding or affirmation. Models and Observations You think Im messing with you? You think its a joke to need to walk home on a crisp evening with an umbrella? You believe that on the grounds that Im eccentric I dont hurt? Youve got it in reverse. Im idiosyncratic in light of the fact that I hurt.(Jack Weston as Danny in The Four Seasons, 1981)Henry Rowengartner: Wow, you ate that entire thing?Frick: Why, sure! It wasnt that much.(Rookie of the Year, 1993)This isnt working out, Jin-ho said. Would need to let you go.Youre terminating me? she said.Yes. Ann will call you Monday re the paperwork.Youre terminating meâ at a bar? Outside the restroom in a bar?â€Å"Im sorry on the off chance that it doesnt suit your high standards.(Stephanie Clifford, Everybody Rise. St. Martins Press, 2015)Vivian: I should ride that barrel directly out of this dreadful town.Jaye: And you never thought to be a bus?(Barrel Bear, Wonderfalls, 2004) Decisive Questions versus Facetious Questions A decisive inquiry has the type of an announcement: ​Youre leaving? be that as it may, has the inflection of an inquiry when spoken and is set apart by a question mark in writing.A revelatory inquiry varies from a non-serious inquiry, for example, Do you think I'm just that gullible? in two ways:(Loreto Todd and Ian Hancock, International English Usage. Routledge, 1986) A non-serious inquiry has the type of a question:Was I tired?A revelatory inquiry looks for an answer. A facetious inquiry requires no answer since it is semantically proportionate to an unequivocal declaration:Do you think Im idiotic? (for example Im positively not stupid)Am I tired? (for example Im amazingly worn out.)

Introducing the New Map Template Library! - Focus

Introducing the New Map Template Library! - Focus Introducing the New Map Template Library! - Focus Why create each new map from scratch when you can choose from a myriad of practical templates? Weve completely revamped our map template library and filled it with awesome new templates. Whether youre outlining a sitemap structure or writing a business plan, with a map template youll be off to a great start. If youve logged into your MindMeister account recently, youve probably noticed that your dashboard has a new look. A selection of mind map templates (which were previously accessible via the navigation bar on the left) are now displayed right above your map list. When you click on Show more, the full template library opens. Weve combed through all of our old templates, removed the least used ones, improved the best ones, and added a bunch of practical new ones that youve requested in the past. The library now offers the following four categories: Business: Here, youll find templates for business plans, company org charts, project plans, and other maps you typically create at work. Education: This category features map templates for exam preparation, essay writing, note taking, and more. While some were created for students, others can be used by teachers to help them plan their lessons. Life: Life is full of to-dos, so weve created a few simple templates to help you get things done. Youll also find a template to help you visualize your life plan and reach your goals! Productivity: In this category youll find practical templates to analyze your business and make better decisions, such as a SWOT analysis, an Effort vs Impact Matrix, and more. If you want to start with a blank map but already know that you need a specific map alignment, you can also select your alignment of choice at the top of the library. Aside from short descriptions, some of the less structured templates also offer  demo videos. If youre not sure how to fill out a template, take a minute to watch the videos so you can dive in quickly and get the most out of MindMeister! Templates that offer videos feature a play button in top right corner of their preview dialog. We hope the new map templates will help you create even more awesome mind maps at work, in school, and anywhere else where you need to structure your thoughts. Over the next few weeks, well closely examine the most important templates from each category. Each article will provide step-by-step instructions and best practices, so be sure to subscribe to the FOCUS blog if you want to learn more! Ready to get started with the new templates? Browse Templates Introducing the New Map Template Library! - Focus Why create each new map from scratch when you can choose from a myriad of practical templates? Weve completely revamped our map template library and filled it with awesome new templates. Whether youre outlining a sitemap structure or writing a business plan, with a map template youll be off to a great start. If youve logged into your MindMeister account recently, youve probably noticed that your dashboard has a new look. A selection of mind map templates (which were previously accessible via the navigation bar on the left) are now displayed right above your map list. When you click on Show more, the full template library opens. Weve combed through all of our old templates, removed the least used ones, improved the best ones, and added a bunch of practical new ones that youve requested in the past. The library now offers the following four categories: Business: Here, youll find templates for business plans, company org charts, project plans, and other maps you typically create at work. Education: This category features map templates for exam preparation, essay writing, note taking, and more. While some were created for students, others can be used by teachers to help them plan their lessons. Life: Life is full of to-dos, so weve created a few simple templates to help you get things done. Youll also find a template to help you visualize your life plan and reach your goals! Productivity: In this category youll find practical templates to analyze your business and make better decisions, such as a SWOT analysis, an Effort vs Impact Matrix, and more. If you want to start with a blank map but already know that you need a specific map alignment, you can also select your alignment of choice at the top of the library. Aside from short descriptions, some of the less structured templates also offer  demo videos. If youre not sure how to fill out a template, take a minute to watch the videos so you can dive in quickly and get the most out of MindMeister! Templates that offer videos feature a play button in top right corner of their preview dialog. We hope the new map templates will help you create even more awesome mind maps at work, in school, and anywhere else where you need to structure your thoughts. Over the next few weeks, well closely examine the most important templates from each category. Each article will provide step-by-step instructions and best practices, so be sure to subscribe to the FOCUS blog if you want to learn more! Ready to get started with the new templates? Browse Templates

Child Abuse Is The Worst Thing That Can Be Stopped

Central Idea: Child abuse is generally the worst thing that can happen to a child, and a country. In Nigeria, there are a lot of people who say that they do not condone it, but in essence, they do. They encourage it even though they claim they do not. This act of wickedness has been the order of the day in this country and people literarily turn deaf ears to it. They pretend it’s not there but it is. My aim is to make my audience see reasons why this is so and how it can be stopped. I. Introduction: Child abuse as defined by WHO is â€Å"an act which presents a threatening condition of serious harm to a child† it ranges from physical abuse to emotional abuse to sexual abuse. All these are the major types of child abuse we see in the world today. Child abuse is very prevalent in Africa and Nigeria is one of the places riddled with it. II. The economic failure in Nigeria has brought about child abuse and neglect coupled with prostitution and child trafficking. A. The number of kids hit with child abuse is approximated to be 20 million. B. Reports show that the estimated age range for child trafficking is 6 to 15 years C. This condition is worsened by the rate of poverty in the country. 1. Reports show that their families live on low per capita income. 2. More than 70 percent of the Nigerian population live on one dollar per day or less. 3. They live in abject poverty. III. Farming and trading is the most common occupation in Nigeria. A. This being the case, children are beingShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse Is The Worst Thing That Can Be Stopped1068 Words   |  5 PagesChild Abuse in Nigeria Uzuazokaro Anthony Eli Bacon Thursday 11:10am Central Idea: Child abuse is generally the worst thing that can happen to a child, to a country people say, but they just say it; especially in Nigeria where they encourage it even if they do not agree that they do. This act of wickedness has been the order of the day in Nigeria and people turn deaf ears to it. They pretend it’s not there but it is. My aim is to give my audience a breakdown of what goes on Nigeria that resultsRead MoreGeniie The Wild Child Summary930 Words   |  4 PagesGenie, the Wild Child Question 1: The three children from the video endure radical abuse, negligence, and lack of social contact with their families and were isolated for long periods of time. As a consequence the neural connections in their brain were very limited, causing the brain hemispheres to shrink; as indicated by Doctor Bruce Perry in the video. In the process the centers of language were damaged and the children missed the time period where children develop their vocabulary. After theyRead MoreBullying : A Child s Worst Nightmare868 Words   |  4 PagesBullying. A child s worst nightmare; it is a terrible and recurring sight in society. All children can handle this differently. The causes of bullying are normally related to how a child is raised or just on his/her mental status. 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Both girls tried to escape from arranged marriages after they were given to an old man in the other’s family. Dressing boys’ clothes, they escaped and took the bus, but it was stopped by the police, and the girls were arrested. Th e police instead called the Human Right Commission workers, returned the girls to his custody, and they were sentenced to forty lashes each in their legs with a leather strap where the only protectionRead MoreTaking a Look at Child Labor1500 Words   |  6 PagesStill to this day child labor is still going on in Democratic Republics. Children and young adults are still fighting for their lives as I write this paper. Trying to help their poor parents survive and to help put food in their stomachs. Child Labor is when young kids and young adults work under poor work conditions. Most young kids worked for Carpet Company’s because their hands were small enough to grab the little strings. Young girls married under the age of 18 and most girls marry duringRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Use On The Social Institutions And Effective Mechanisms Of Dealing With The Drug Offenders1230 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Drug abuse is continuous use of substances like alcohol in quantities or with ways unacceptable by medical experts mostly for purposes of altering normal body functioning. It is majorly a health concern, but in the recent decades, it has risen to become one of the worst ills in the society (Haw Hawton, 2011). There are various laws that prohibit use certain drug types especially those often abused. Most judicial systems protect their citizens from drug abuse and related issues. ThereRead MoreHistory of Spanking Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesof favor in many circles. It seems the longer we go without using spanking as a method of discipline the more violent our teens are becoming. Spanking when used as a form of discipline and not abuse is an effective tool. Many Americans who are over the age of 30 remember being spanked as a child. Swats on the rear end as a form of discipline was used for everything from lying to talking to one’s parents with disrespect (Matrz, 2001). The number of swats and severity of the swats was usuallyRead MoreSymbolism Of Charles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagestiny, terrified child in a village churchyard. Years later, through the help of an anonymous benefactor, Pip will travel to London, full of expectations to become a gentleman. But his life is already inextricably tangled in a mystery that surrounds a beautiful woman, an embittered recluse, and an ambitious lawyer. (barnesandnoble.com, Great Expectations) Symbolism is predominate throughout with numerous examples. Symbolism, in layman s terms, is the practice of representing things by symbols, orRead MoreIs A Vulnerable Adult?1460 Words   |  6 Pagesage, illness, or is unable to take care of themselves or protect themselves from significant harm or exploitation or is experiencing or at risk of abuse or neglect (Bedfordshire.police.uk, 2015). These people are vulnerable as they are at more risk of abuse as they are in a more vulnerable position and are less able to protect themselves from abuse or neglect due to illnesses and disabilities. WHO IS MOST AT RISK? Some people may be more at risk to being abused than others because they are more

Habits and Traits of Stoneflies, Order Plecoptera

Aquatic stonefly nymphs live only in cool, clean streams, and are an important bioindicator of good water quality. Stoneflies belong to the order Plecoptera, which comes from the Greek for twisted wings. Description Adult stoneflies are fairly drab insects, with flattened, soft bodies. They hold their wings flat over the bodies when at rest. Stonefly adults have long, threadlike antennae, and a pair of cerci extends from the abdomen. Stoneflies have two compound eyes and three simple eyes and chewing mouthparts, though not all species feed as adults. Stoneflies fly poorly, so they dont stray far from the stream where they lived as nymphs. Adults are short-lived. Stoneflies exhibit unusual courtship behavior. The males drum their abdomens on a substrate to send an acoustic signal to potential female mates. A receptive female drums her response. The pair will continue to drum to each other, gradually moving closer and closer until they meet, and mate. After mating, females deposit their eggs in the water. Stonefly nymphs develop slowly, taking 1 to 3 years to molt repeatedly before emerging as adults. Stoneflies are so named because the nymphs often live under stones in streams or rivers. They feed on a variety of plant and animal matter, both dead and living, depending on the species and age of the nymph. Habitat and Distribution As nymphs, stoneflies inhabit cold, fast-flowing streams in pristine condition. Adult stoneflies are terrestrial but tend to stay close to the streams from which they emerge. Worldwide, entomologists identify about 2,000 stonefly species, about a third of which live in the U.S. and Canada. Major Families in the Order Family Perlidae - common stonefliesFamily Leuctridae - rolled-winged stonefliesFamily Taeniopterygidae - winter stonefliesFamily Nemouridae - spring stoneflies Families and Genera of Interest Adult stoneflies in the subfamily Isoperlinae appear to be pollen feeders.Female Pteronarcys dorsata stoneflies measure as much as 55 cm in length.Nymphs of the family Peltoperlidae resemble cockroaches.The Lake Tahoe benthic stonefly, Capnia lacustra, spends its entire life cycle (even as an adult) deep within Lake Tahoe. It is an endemic species to Lake Tahoe. Sources Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, Charles A. Triplehorn, and Norman F. Johnson.Order Plecoptera - Stoneflies, Bugguide.net. Accessed online February 15, 2011.Guide to Aquatic Insects and Crustaceans, Izaak Walton League of America.

Restricted Fund Methods Free Essays

Restricted Fund Method * Organizations that follow restricted fund method present a general fund and one or more restricted funds. * The main purpose of the restricted fund is to record the receipt and the use of the resources from that fund that are subject to restrictions. * This method requires that a general fund be used to report changes in unrestricted net assets. We will write a custom essay sample on Restricted Fund Methods or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recognition of endowment contributions: * The endowments contributions are recognized as revenue of the endowment fund in the current period. The only revenue that is reported in the endowment fund is the endowment contribution and the net investment income that is subject to external restrictions. * Any allocation of internal resources to the endowment fund would be accounted for as interfund transfers. * The endowment fund balance at the end represents the accumulation of resources subject to both external and internal restrictions and they should be permanently maintained. * Net investment income earned on resources held for endowments would be recognized based on if the investment income is restricted or not. Recognition of Restricted Contributions reported in restricted funds: * Restricted contribution for which a restricted fund is present should be recognized as revenue of that fund in the current period. * There can be more than one restricted fund. However, each restricted fund would accumulate resources that are restricted for similar purposes. * Contributions that are restricted should be accounted for the same way on consistent basis. A change in restricted fund is considered to be a change in accounting policy. The restricted fund balance at the reporting date represents the accumulation of resources that are subject to restrictions. * Any allocations of internally restricted resources to a restricted fund are known as interfund transfers. Recognition of Restricted Contributions reported in General funds: * Restricted Contributions for which no restricted fund is present should be recognized in general fund. * The general fund account’s purpose is to account for both unres tricted revenues and restricted contributions for which there is no restricted fund. The restricted contribution reported in general fund would be recognized in the same manner as under deferral method. * If the organization decides to establish a fund for a specific restricted contribution it would be considered a change in accounting policy. The financial statements of the previous years would have to be restated if similar contributions for which the fund is established had been reported in general funds in prior years. Recognition of Unrestricted Contributions: * They should be recognized as revenue of the general fund in current period. * The unrestricted contributions are available for use to the organization. The excess of revenues over expenses in the general fund represents the increase in unrestricted net assets. * Unrestricted resources may be allocated to a restricted fund and this would be considered an interfund transfer. How to cite Restricted Fund Methods, Papers

Clamence Is Not Alone Essay Example For Students

Clamence Is Not Alone Essay The Fall, a 1957 novel written by Nobel Prize winner Albert Camus, is a story based on confession. The main character, Jean-Baptiste Clamence, portrays himself to be the epitome of good citizenship and acceptable behavior and now he has come to face the reality that his existence has been deeply seated in hypocrisy. Clamence also openly enjoys the wealth of cheap dreams that the prostitutes and bars his Amsterdam home has to offer. In a bar called Mexico City, Clamence begins to recall his life as a respected lawyer, supposedly immune to judgment. There are different theories on whether Clamence recalls his life to himself or to another person, but it is in fact a random acquaintance from the bar that Clamence shares stories of his lifes triumphs and failures. While Clamence is in the bar, he asks another person who is trying to order a drink if he may offer his services without running the risk of intruding because unless the man authorizes him to perform his services, the bartender will not guess that he wants gin. The service Clamence is referring to is his ability to speak Dutch, the only language the bartender speaks and understands. What suggests that Clamence is speaking to another person in the bar is the fact that if someone wants to do something, they do not need to be given permission by himself. If a person feels they are not allowed to do something, it is because one of two reasons. One, the person might feel the action is inappropriate and that would directly deal with that persons set of morals and discipline. Secondly, the person might not be allowed to perform the task by the person it would deal with and that would have to do with power of authority. Also, if Clamence was alone and tried to order the gin for himself, there is no reason for him needing help from some other person to order the drink if he is capable of communicating with the bartender. The second instance suggesting an acquaintance again happens in a bar when Clamence is invited to sit with the man he ordered the gin for. Clamence responds by saying Thank you, Id accept if I were not sure of being a nuisance. You are too kind. Then I shall bring my glass over beside yours. Clamence can not be alone and talking to himself. There is already a drink set down on the table and Clamence said he is going to set his drink next to it. Now if both the drinks were Clamences, then the drinks would both be his and that would leave no other drinks on the table. Since he said yours, that means that some other person has possession or ownership of that drink. A third instance of an acquaintance being present occurs when Clamence is talking about his experiences while he was visiting Greece. Clamence later asks the question, By the way, do you know Greece? What should we do there, I ask you? Clamence goes on to explain that in Greece the males are often found striding along the sidewalks, his fingers locked in those of his friend. Jokingly, Clamence asks , Would you take my hand in the streets of Paris? Clamence is indubitably with another person at this point. By asking what should we do, this implies that two people are present. If Clamence was by himself, the question should be asked from a first person point of view, what should I do. The second inquiry about joining hands is also directed towards another person. .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 , .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 .postImageUrl , .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 , .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0:hover , .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0:visited , .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0:active { border:0!important; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0:active , .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0 .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4807adeb3acc21ac65a87394a85574f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Euthanasia In The United States EssayIf Clamence is directing the question towards himself, the same principals of ownership and possession need to be used. Later on in the story, Clamence has a secret that he reveals to his friend from the bar. Clamence says that the only relief he gets in life is from women and alcohol. Ill reveal this secret to you he says and then instructs the person to make use of it as if it were a piece of advice. By Clamence calling his advice a secret, this serves as concrete evidence that another person is present. A secret is something that is concealed from others. Clamence can not keep something concealed from his own knowledge, so in order to reveal a secret, another person assumed to have no knowledge of the information needs to be present. Towards the end of the story, Clamence develops a fever that he is treating with gin. At this point, someone goes to pay him a visit. Clamence states that he is embarrassed to be in bed when you arrive. This quote clearly states that Clamence is in one location and another person enters this place unexpectedly and catches him by surprise, thus causing the embarrassment of possibly an unkempt house or a unattractive personal appearance due to the sickness. The reason why there are two people present is because Clamence says you which means he is addressing some one else. Although different theories on whether or not Clamence is alone when he recalls his life may exist, it is in fact an acquaintance that he shares his life with. In order for Camus choice of wording that deal with ownership and possession and by definition of key words such as secret to be used in accordance with rules of proper grammar, another person must be present for the meaning of the words to be applied correctly.

Constructive threat examination techniques to enhance data security

Introduction The duties of intelligence technologist are becoming more complicated as the field of science technology introduces new products and ideas even before applying proper security measures to avert threats that may crop up along the way. The ability to understand the technological modifications calls for contemporary and prospective threats, as well as data overload to materialize the practical efforts by security experts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Constructive threat examination techniques to enhance data security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the past years, the world has faced a series of cyber attacks of unexpected intricacies. These unprecedented attacks indicate that the information kept by businesses, governments, as well common citizens are at the verge of being manipulated by malicious attackers and intelligence technologist should be ready to handle such problems. Moreover, workers have brought consumer technology such as smartphones into their workplace, which have improved productivity and destabilized the security norms in equal measure. The success of institutions depends on the level of security and effectiveness of their technology. For technology professional to avert these imminent dangers, they have to work in unity with all the stakeholders to comprehend the rising threats and come up with proactive security remedies that can protect the Internet and all other infrastructure that are associated to it. The discussions in this paper focus on the emerging and future threats in technology that need urgent remedies. Current Threats Although every institution is distinctive in its nature of activities of products, all are susceptible to experience a restrained detachment of dangerous agents who perpetrate impositions against institutions’ infrastructures. These dangerous agents entail insiders, industrial surveillance, systematized crime, as well as hackers1. Insiders A group of researchers recently observed that in comparison to past years, the rate of insider threats are decreasing, but this should not be construed to mean that the measures used to hamper insider threats should come to a halt. Intelligence technologists still consider insiders as one of the formidable threats. Probably, the incidents of insider threats are reducing because institutions have refocused their attention to external factors and barely notice insider threats and insiders have hiding techniques that enterprise rarely discover2. Moreover, there is a rising trend of insider placement, which permits penetration schemes.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Systemized threat agents who cannot infiltrate through the external security tactics often place their agents in institutions where they intend to infiltrate, as interim workers or systems supervisors. Considerin g this imminent danger, enterprises initiate security programs that protect an organization from insider threats. Such security programs should incorporate background supervision for workers who access vital systems, a continuous training initiative that can assist workers to discover and share prospective insider dangers, as well as execute internal security policies and network supervision3. By placing insiders in an institution, threat agents are capable of getting its internal access to Information Technology (IT) assets. There have been numerous cases where a single worker is found to work in various software development companies as well various government organizations to create custom software programs. The intentions of such a worker only raise questions with no proper answers. In a period when distributed computing is popular, there should be an effective formula for scrutinizing subcontractors as well as assisting employees and examining internal network resources to cont rol this exacerbating threat4. Industrial Surveillance and Systemized Crime Over the years, technology experts have affirmed the dangers, which are planned by rivals or government- initiated espionage that industrial surveillance organizations pose to an institution. Despite the fact that industrial espionage is an existing danger that most companies are aware of, it affects data privacy and not its accessibility. The subtle nature of business data calls for the need to have security programs that secure its privacy and veracity. Systemized crimes expeditions are likely to obtain crucial company’s data such as financial statements and plans. Although vital infrastructure attacks are not part of systemized organized, it is important for companies to recognize that systemized crime agents could substitute terrorists5. Hackers As contemporary firms continue with their operations, they are likely to experience assaults from hackers. There has been increased trend in cases of intr usion of networks for either specific purpose of random attacks. The cases have been so imminent that one could infer that only companies with faulty monitoring programs do not experience these attacks.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Constructive threat examination techniques to enhance data security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A recent research disclosed that any susceptible system linked to an unrestricted network, is likely to be attacked within less than three days. Hence, the significance for employees to adopt and adhere to effective information security practices to avoid the hackers. Organizations should note that by using the Internet, they are not only exposing themselves to domestic and continental threat, but also international perils. Considering the extensive scope of unwanted attacks, enterprises should be assiduous in measures that help them on mitigating on this menace. These mitigating me asures could include technical controls such as antivirus, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), or Firewall. Enterprises can also introduce multifactor authentication system for employee identification. Moreover, firms can also encourage their workers to communicate through secure forms instead of email links when using the Internet to prevent the chances of clients sending/receiving confidential messages through online clear text6. Emerging Threats Apart from countering the present threats, intelligence technologists should be adequately equipped to emerging threats such as malware, information manipulation, nation states, terrorism, mobile device threats, and cloud security. Though some firms are vulnerable to nation states as well as terrorism, firms that are considered to have substantial infrastructures are often potential targets. In essence, states and terrorists are more likely to target private infrastructure than government enterprises7. Mobile Devices Threats The safety of m obile devices continues to raise formidable questions for some issues have made it intricate to exploit various devices including their operating systems, which is not as extensive as Windows. Moreover, their surrounding environment, numerous applications, and the lack of adept to remove malicious applications has hampered their exploitation. There have also been setbacks in monetizing altered mobile devices8. However, the huge number of smartphones as well as tablets subscribers presents a chance that threat agents are likely to target. Currently, there is a higher demand of smartphones than PCs, whilst there are more subscribers accessing the Internet through mobile phones than PCs. In the corporate world, workers have been permitted to own and even operate some tasks using the devices. The popularity of mobile devices suggests that security scholars and threat agents are likely to apply their security intelligence on the devices. It is anticipated that new attacks as well as nove l techniques of monetizing mobile devices is likely to develop9.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Latest reports indicate that malware developers have began viewing the opportunity created by mobile devices as a chance to initiate feasible businesses. The figures of malicious or unauthorized applications have augmented from 30,000 to 175, 000 for a period of just three months (June to September) in 201210. Recent studies have shown that the percentage of devices that have been affected by malware is about 0.002 per cent in the U.S. The study also noted that the malicious apps are only noticed after the climax of an operation, and thus security practices such as eliminating the activity from storefront had little, if any, initial effect. Nonetheless, such practices have the potential to avert the spread of malicious programs. The participants from the latter research were mainly residents of the U.S. Other researches that have included other counties such as Russia and China have shown disparate, but amazing results. In China, the malicious infections had a high percentage of abo ut 40 per cent11. Web browser developers, in an attempt to balance the rate of subscription and security, have not installed security pointers on smartphones and as a result, phones are three times susceptible to malicious intrusion than PCs. For instance, renowned mobile browsers such as Opera Mini do not permit their subscribers to access data information that can help to identify the legitimacy of the Web sites, for example its certificate data. In case of an attack, which is very likely, one cannot recognize this attack because of lack of adequate information. In addition, other apps are connected to TLS as well as SSL networks, a move that makes a subscriber more susceptible to attack. The future of such subscribers is bleak, if mobile browser developers remain reluctant in devising methods of disseminating security data12. Nation States Several countries have introduced programs to help protect IT elements of crucial infrastructures. Recent analyses show that about 100 countri es are presently creating data and warfare programs. The United States, which is the highest target of attack due to its massive dependence on IT, is at the forefront of this initiative. Although this threat is bona fide, the possibility of a state- financed full-blown attack is unlikely for various reasons. To begin with, the majority of the countries with the potential to instigate an attack have bilateral association with the U.S. If they were to launch an attack that affects the U.S. economy, the impact will trickle down to their own economy. Moreover, the U.S. stipulations in relation to information warfare assault prevents any country intends to apply information in place of conventional warfare. Nonetheless, these stipulations do not prevent a villain country to apply information attack as a means of acquiring tactical lead in a case of conventional battle to instigate conservative reaction. In a world where a country is anonymously assaulted, the entire reproach falls on mul tinational terrorists, and thus nations must adopt new ways of addressing this peril. Although one may infer that this move creates an opportunity for state-financed detached infrastructure assaults, it is still untenable or nominal impact such as mental impact that can be resolved by adequate preparation13. In the U.S., the federal authorities have the role of preventing the citizens from state-promoted threats. Private enterprises are incapable of handling impacts of state attacks in the absence of adequate information from the federal authorities. Therefore, it is important for the federal government to issue indicators whenever there is a forthcoming threat14. Cloud Security The effectiveness of transferring information through clouds has attracted the attention of many subscribers who opted to keep their documents on Yahoo mail, iCloud, or even DropBox, as it is cheap and convenient. However, various enterprises are becoming reluctant to keep their confidential documents and ap ps on this medium by questioning the credibility of their security. However, some enterprises have been lured by the increased productivity and reduction in operation costs created by the online services. The rising number of activities being transferred to the cloud demands that technologists should the security of these documents and their impact to the firms15. Many security experts have asserted that information stored in the cloud is safer, but more targeted threat agents. The accretion of information in the cloud has inspired cloud service providers as well as the subscribers to security measures deter unauthorized persons from accessing their documents. Nevertheless, whilst the improved security measures may impede intrusion, it increasingly attracts intruders. In case of any failure, the impact may be detrimental. One of the recent attacks in 2012 is a clear indication of how far attackers are targeting the cloud. In June 2012, one of the accounts of CloundFlare’s cli ents was unsuccessfully attacked with the intent of manipulating the site. The attempt failed for the experts at CloudFlare reacted quickly and detected the assault. Most security analysts have observed that these attacks are likely to rise due to the critical data that is kept in the cloud. The two-factor authentication technique adopted by Google has been considered an effective way of protecting information stored in the cloud. Under this technique, a subscriber uses an identified device with a legitimate password for every application in the system16. Nevertheless, cloud is not entirely composed of data. If intruders manipulate virtualized computers, then they can easily introduce botnets. This accretion draws the attention of intruders and they can use all their skills to infiltrate into the documents. Attackers are likely to use illegal credit cards that they own to infiltrate into the clouds. They can use the false credit cards to design insidious virtual systems17. Consideri ng this impending threat, the cloud service providers should redefine their security thinking. They should be certain of the role they play in protecting their subscribers’ data. Studies indicate that a huge percentage of service providers believe that the clients are in charge of the data, and thus ought to create their own security measures. This assertion is a worrying inference for firms that do not institute stringent security measures expose their documents to attack by threat agents. Some companies have begun developing private clouds to protect their data. This turn of events should prompt researchers to develop a method that make data easily accessible whilst at the same time secure from attack. Though certain firms opt to store encrypted information, accessing such data has become a difficult process.18 Conclusion In a current environment where technology is becoming a basic component for an enterprise’s success and a growing number of threats agents, organiz ations must form constructive threat examination techniques to enhance data security. The techniques adopted should be in a position to handle different types of threats as well as predict prospective threats and devising ways to avoid them through the application of past and present experiences. The methodology used should identify potential security measures and expenses that an institution will have by applying the given practices. Predictably, in the near future, attackers are going to be attracted to mobile devices, nation states, and cloud security, and thus it is important for relevant institutions to input practices that can control such attacks from occurring. The threats poised on IT infrastructure are factual, and their impacts are unfavorable, hence the need to avert the threats before they occur. Works Cited Devost, Mathew. Current and Emerging Threats to Information Technology Systems and Critical Infrastructures, 2002. Web. Gollmann, Dieter, and Jeffrey Hunker. Inside r threats in cyber security, Pennsylvania: Springer, 2010. Print. Government Accountability Office. Information Security: Emerging Cybersecurity Issues Threaten Federal Information Systems, 2005. Web. Wenke, Lee, and Bo Rotoloni. Georgia Tech Cyber Security Summit 2012: Emerging  Cyber Threats Report 2013, 2013. Web. Whitman, Michael, and Herbert Mattord. Principles of information security, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Footnotes 1Government Accountability Office. Information Security: Emerging Cybersecurity Issues Threaten Federal Information Systems, 2005. Web. p.3 2Dieter Gollmann and Jeffrey Hunker. Insider threats in cyber security, Pennsylvania: Springer, 2010. p. 78. 3Mathew Devost. Current and Emerging Threats to Information Technology Systems and Critical Infrastructures, 2002. Web. p. 20. 4 Gollmann and Hunker, p. 14. 5 Devost, p. 21. 6 Michael Whitman and Herbert Mattord. Principles of information security. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning, 2011, p. 16. 7 Lee Wenke and Bo Rotoloni. Georgia Tech Cyber Security Summit 2012: Emerging Cyber Threats Report 2013, 2013. Web. p. 2. 8 Devost, p. 23. 9 Government Accountability Office, p. 12. 10 Wenke and Rotoloni, p.16. 11 Wenke and Rotoloni, p. 5 12 Whitman and Mattord, p. 32. 13 Wenke and Rotoloni, p. 5. 14 Whitman Mattord, p. 42. 15 Wenke and Rotoloni, p. 8. 16Whitman Mattord, p. 53. 17 Ibid. p.57. 18Wenke and Rotoloni, p. 8. This essay on Constructive threat examination techniques to enhance data security was written and submitted by user Maria Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The National Assessment System (Nas) in Kenya Essays

The National Assessment System (Nas) in Kenya Essays The National Assessment System (Nas) in Kenya Essay The National Assessment System (Nas) in Kenya Essay Over the last few years Kenya has continuously sought to improve the educational system for its students. The National Assessment System (NAS) is an integral system of determining quality assurance in Education. It involves the monitoring of learning achievements of students to assess the quality of education. It is also a systematic evaluation of student learning achievement across the Country. The analytical results are used by policy makers and practitioners to inform the education quality reform process.With data that is comparable across various regions of the Country and over time, policy makers and stakeholders can identify gaps and bring about improvements in the curriculum, teaching and classroom support practices, as well as in the development of learning aids. Kenya’s National Assessment is currently set up as follows: 1. Standard One – Standard Eight : Kenya Certificate of Primary Education 2. Form One – Form 4: Kenya Certifica te of Secondary Education 3. College/University: Various degree examinationsNAS can be divided into six groups namely, Early Childhood Development Education (ECDE) , Primary level ( 8. 4. 4),Secondary Level (8. 4. 4), Tertiary Level, University Level and work world. The education system is facing a major crisis at the secondary and university level. Currently there is a task force on the realignment of the current education system with the new constitution in the bid to assist this problem NAS at the Secondary level focuses on the cognitive (or knowledge) domain.Students learn several subjects divided into categories, languages, humanities, sciences and technical subjects. Article 11 (ii) (a) of the constitution states that the curriculum should promote Science and Indigenous Technologies therefore students learn subjects such as Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Agriculture. The KCSE exam is taken by pupils in all public and private schools and by candidates who undertake private stu dy including prisoners. Every person has a right to education (Article 43).A candidate must take at least two of three science subjects and only a maximum of two humanities subjects. KCSE does not test in the affection domain, except, perhaps subjects in the ethics and religious studies which focus on knowledge rather than character formation. The psychomotor domain is also not covered, except, perhaps practical subjects like Physics, Agriculture, Home Science and Chemistry but again, the assessment focuses on knowledge as there is limited time and scope to assess lifelong skills and know how.Performance in KCSE largely determines progression to university and the profession or occupation in the world of work. In addition there is NAS at the university level. Public university assessments and exams are governed by the senate regulations under the University Act regulating each of the seven public universities. Senates have donated some powers to College Academic Boards (CABs) and sc hool or Faculty Academic Boards.Private university exams and assessments are managed by the respective senates, but subject to the Commission for Higher Education (CHE) under the Universities Act. Oversight on the curriculum (and perhaps the exam process) is increasingly being exercised by accreditation agencies and the relevant professional associations like the Kenya Medical and Dental Practitioners Board and the Kenya Medical Association or the Kenya Dentists Association, respectively. University exams at the undergraduate level are largely summative and still focus on the cognitive (or knowledge) domain.The affective and psychomotor domains are still not (sufficiently) assessed, tested or examined There have been concerns that University Education has now become a commercial venture so that many universities are beginning courses without much emphasis on quality but focusing rather on the profits they can make. Though the CHE has set up mechanisms to ensure that quality educatio n is provided in institutions of higher learning the follow up is not consistent and it is difficult to evaluate the teaching process.As a result many Universities are releasing students that are not quite ready to face the job market as the emphasis is not ensuring students are achieving the learning objectives but that the students are paying for the education. As more Universities offer similar courses it is important that a uniform assessment system is adapted to ensures that students do not leave school half baked but are ready to enter the job market. At the end of the day assessment should support learning as well as measure it.

Odeipus the King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Odeipus the King - Essay Example Antigone (1500 A.D) Psychology of Characters in Antigone Antigone is one of the Sophocles woven in tyranny and culture. The play contains many characters helping in laying the plot of the story. One of the characters is Antigone, the protagonist of the play. Antigone is determined. This is because she decides laying her brother to rest. She refutes King Creon’s decision that Polinices does not entail to be buried (Anouilh & Sam, 2002). She goes ahead to bury Polinices despite the consequences that may befall her. Her sister Isemne tries convincing Antigone, her sister to refute this decision .This is because she worries that her life may be at threat if she buried Polinices. This is in regard to the King’s order that Polinices deserved no burial. Her determination is a trait that compels readers interested in the play. She is also daring because she undertakes burying Polinices, knowing that her life is at threat. This trait helps build the plot because the king pursues her deeds. She is also sallow. Antigone is shown not to be as stunning as her sister Isemne. The other trait is that she is obstinate. This is true concerning the way she disobeys that kings ruling that no one ought to bury Polinices. Disregarding that her life may be at danger, she still resolves burying Polinices. ... For example concluding that Polinices required no burial, this shows his might and authority of ruling. The other trait is that he is unreasonable. His action of deciding that Polinices burial would not happen is a clear proof. The king is inhuman because he tries scheming for the execution of Antigone after she goes against his rulings. Plotting to kill someone is something that is exceedingly wrong. In addition, Creon is cruel concerning his acts of scheming and ordering for Antigones execution. This is because killing is something that is brutal to a person. Moreover, Creon is timid pertaining to his response to Teresia’s prophecy that he would be struck by fury of the spirits. This makes him stop pursuing to kill Antigone. Isemne Isemne, the sister of Antigone, displays various traits. One of the traits is that she is beautiful as conflicting to her sister. The other trait is that she is calm. This trait has its explanations from remaining unruffled despite demise of Polin ices. When her sister is exceedingly vibrant about burying Polinices, Isemne has no issues to do with his. The other trait is that she is collected. This aspect is well depicted in her ability to stay withdrawn to things surrounding the burial of Polinices. Isemne is also reasonable concerning her act of defying rebellion. This is because she persuades her sister not to defy rulings of King Creon (Anouilh & Sams, 2002). In addition, Isemne is also lovable. This is because of the fact that she plays the role of advising her sister, and the fact that she is not disobedient. Another trait is that she is good-natured. This is following the fact that she undertakes telling her sister to obey the king’s rulings. This is however something that

Supply Chain Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Supply Chain Management - Case Study Example Another model of picking location is mixed fulfilment model, which enable customers to order directly and the orders will being dispatched from warehouse as well as supermarkets. This method is regarded to be highly flexible but this method is difficult to schedule by the company (Ody, 2000). The customers of Sainsbury’s are involved with both the method of business to pick the ordered goods on time of delivery from picking centres or supermarkets or warehouse. At times, home delivery approach is also scheduled by the companies for high convenience of customers. However, such approach of distribution and delivery is regarded to be difficult as customer when customer is not available. This situation mainly happens when the ordered goods reach quickly or earlier than pre-defined time at pre-defined location. On the other hand, customers pick the ordered goods directly from regional picking centres and warehouses or supermarkets. These were regarded to the distribution centres for company (Ody, 2000). The Sainsbury’s business utilises the ‘orderline’ technology to run its standalone operations efficiently. However, in the current scenario, for high business expansion as well as sustainability Sainsbury’s needed to incorporate a new IT system within its existing system. To integrate such new technology within the old but will take five years’ time to establish the same. Additionally, the company developed website to stay connected with its customers and assimilated a loyal customer base for better future prospective (Ody,

Role of the Media on Islamophobia Since Trumps Election

Role of the Media on Islamophobia Since Trumps Election Dramatically increased Islamophobia in American Media coverage since Trump’s Presidency: Muslims in America are more vulnerable to bigotry and Islamophobia as a result of Donald Trump’s behaviour and actions Abstract This research paper implies the role of International media in the propagation and multiplication of hatred and hostility vibe against Muslims in the American society since the U.S. presidential election campaign. The objective of this research paper is to focus on the reasons, role of media and Trump’s influence behind the increasing hostility and aggression against Muslims in US, and how it is utilized to legitimize the segregation towards them. Muslims have been more vulnerable to violence, threats and hatred since start of American presidential campaign especially after Trump’s hateful speeches. During the first GOP debate in August 2015, Islamophobia made an appearance just a month later in September 2017, the first incident of Muslims hatred of anti-Muslim occurred. Since 9/11 fear based oppressor exercises by white radical or Christians is a common hone, even after they have slaughtered numbers comparable to those hurt by Muslims. Yet we do not hear any segregati on towards Christianity or Christians by and large indeed in most cases they are displayed as solitary or lone wolf, mental case or medicate fiend but never as a terrorist, American news outlets are also more concerned about non-Muslim victims rather than Muslim victims of terror. Trump has a track record of advocating and encouraging Islamophobia during elections campaign and even after winning the elections. After just a year following the California and France terror attacks he called for a ban of Muslims entering US as it is obvious from his actions and words that he can’t distinguish between extremist’s groups of various radical elements and the rest of the world’s nearly 2 billion Muslims who played no role in these incidents who are merely a victim in all this. Meanwhile, he has been shockingly silent on the attacks on Muslims, showed no concern for Muslims victims whatsoever, which depicts a double standard regarding his concern over the issue of terrori sm. 30 articles have been reviewed for this purpose, the analysis of these research papers recommended that threatening vibe towards Muslims is seen as usual and regular practice in the west not only by common public but also the current President of United States of America. By analysing all the articles, it will be sufficing to say that Trump’s entire political career was based on the hatred towards Muslims and Islamophobia. Keywords: Muslims, Terror incidents, American Media coverage, Lone wolf, Islamophobia, Islam, 9/11, Election Campaign, President Trump, American President, Trump’s Administration Introduction For everyone in America and all over the world it was shocking when Donald Trump suggested a ban on Muslims entering the US, but this behavior towards Muslims has remained a common practice throughout American history. In 2016 Donald Trump’s claim that â€Å"Islam hates us†. What is alarming about this is that it comes from an orientalist misconception which have never been changed over the last 200 years. Reality is that Islam doesn’t hate America or the West. There are certainly Muslims radical organizations who despise the United States, but they do not hate US because of their religion (Saladin, 2016). A critical point in the portrayal of negative media depiction of Muslims happened in the post- 9/11 period, Muslims were freely related with terror. There are several TV pictures, serials, talk shows, cartoons, and news coverage, where Muslims are depicted as uncivilized, anti-modern, anti-democratic, and psychological militants, fundamentalists, radicals, aggressors, primitive, and anti-western. Violent happenings or terror incidents are immediately and mostly linked with Islamic nations by the western media. The western world own major news networks, and TV stations, many of them are headquartered in other nations around the world. Larger part of them is either run by the Jews or is beneath capable campaign of Jews and Christians who significantly restrict any positive accomplishment on portion of the Muslims (Nurullah, 2010). Donald Trump, the GOP presidential front-runner during his elections campaign promoted anti-Muslim stance in the wake of Paris attacks, November 2015 rather than calling for peace, harmony and international unity. Donald Trump’s anti-Muslim statements during his elections campaign and television interviews and appearances on international and national networks impacts millions of viewers across US and the globe (Abdelkader, 2016). The media is connected to religion in the way that it depicts the expression of religion to its given disciples as well as to the individuals out there. It too upgrades the understandings of a specific religion through important insignia of it. Media is basically a platform which spread the message and sets standards. In this way, the media plays two roles in the depiction of religion: to emphatically depict it or delineate it contrarily to the masses. Subsequently, it depends on the editors who select the material to be broadcasted in the media. The beliefs and worldviews of those guardians unequivocally influence the choice of news and occasions. Acts of terrorism committed by people of other faiths are not connected to their devout character. Acc. to the media portrayal, fear mongering in advanced times has ended up the sole trade of Muslims. This wholesome attribution of Muslims as fear mongers has come about in Islamophobia, racial scorn, slaughter, and viciousness (Nacos & Reyna, 2003). This paper analysis the reasons behind the sharp rise in wrongdoings against Islam and Muslims or those seen to be Muslim in America. The article, in any case, will propose that there are critical changes taking put in U.S. culture which will enlighten the reasons why the surge in wrongdoings coordinated at Muslims in America was harsh, but brief (Kaplan, 2006). Further this paper explores President Trump’s anti-Muslim views and actions, linking them to the increase in hate toward Muslims during his tenure. His anti-Muslims actions basically served the political purpose maintaining his political support base of white American class and, creating a divide among west and Muslims (Nuruzzaman, 2017). The Washington Post’s reporting of the November 13, 2015, Paris attack distinguished from the paper’s coverage of the first Ankara assault. In terms of sheer unmistakable quality, coverage of the Paris assault overshadowed coverage of the Ankara assault. The feature conjured the word terror, while the rest of the article described—in distinctive detail—specific scenes of savagery (el-Nawawy, & Elmasry, 2017). The commonality of orthodox representations correlating Muslims with terror in standard media uncovers broad conviction among the makers of media messages that the affiliation, or association, is typical, sensible, and/or satisfactory, which is at that point suggested to, and learned by, youth, instead believing that, the affiliation is unfair and stereotypical and hurts Muslims, making them defenceless to preference and segregation in the public sphere (Jackson, 2010). Currently in US, Muslims are regularly depicted as pariahs in settings of national sharing, despite the fact that they are American-born citizens. Islamophobic conversations are based on the view that Islam don’t belong in the West and that Muslim refugees cannot be truly identified with the states in which they live (Shryock, 2013). The other common narrative is that white Christian extremists who commit terrorist attacks are not terrorists. There are exceptions. The Oklahoma bombing by a white Christian is generally considered to be an act of terrorism, although the attack was initially blamed on Islamic terrorist groups. For the most part, though, â€Å"terrorist† was not a word applied to the white Christian responsible for the Quebec City attack. Nor is he alone in avoiding classification as a terrorist (Corbin, 2017). Literature Review President Trump’s â€Å"America First† narrative is basically the continuation of the Bush’s anti-Muslim stance. It is President Trump’s anti-Muslim rhetoric and actions that have made him look Islamophobic, but he is not only American leader with terrible anti-Muslim mind-sets. His anti-Muslim rhetoric serves his political purpose but at a high cost to the Muslims. Neither did he hide his anti-Muslim sentiments that has created a weird situation in the relationships between the Muslims and Trump’s America (Nuruzzaman). Even if media do not impart public to relate Muslims with terror, they will, in any case, learn that it is typical to do so, that it is recognized in the standard media as sensible or worthy, rather than as damaging to Muslims, who confront segregation, bias, and hatefulness when the breadth of their substances is not considered newsworthy or engaging, lacking an education that basically reacts to the transcendent generalization. Topical, expository, and basic lessons in media proficiency must complement the formal educational programs approximately Islam to optimize the dynamic mindfulness and basic gathering of what is eventually depicted as typical to think regarding Muslims in the mass media. What specific assets are utilized is not as critical as what is communicated through their consideration: that standard messages are inadequate or biased, and that informed members of an equitable society must hook with numerous viewpoints when it comes to troublesome, disputable subjects to act independently and in an educated way inside society (Jackson). Even with the strong opposition even from political parties and public opinion and with the disrespect for the American Constitution, why is it so that Trump still had so much support? It’s because he influences that fear that still prevails in people minds after 9/11 which is sufficient enough to believe that Muslims hates America and wants to harm them (Mutum, 2016). Soon after Trump’s Presidency, he begins carrying out the campaign he promises, the first travel bans a prerequisite. â€Å"The Muslim ban is something that in some form has morphed into extreme vetting from certain areas of the world.† (Patel, & Levinson-Waldman 2017). Conservative leader who openly share their hate for Muslims have escalates negative approaches. For the propagation of Islamophobia, the tremendous majority shares the media is partly guilty. The generalizations that are propagated in the media may not have pernicious expectation, but they are belittling to Muslims and may lead to incognito and unmistakable separation on interpersonal levels (Al-Hamdani, 2016). The 2016 U.S. presidential caused another wave of Islamophobia, threatening American Muslims freedom. In 2015, there were almost 174 incidents of anti-Muslim violence and Muslims suffered due to such attacks as they were more likely to be the victim of the crimes and assaults as compare to non-Muslims (Abdelkader, 2016). Role of a Muslim women in society is often projected through media which has become the main source of learning these days. Despite of social practice mostly Muslims women are viewed as subjugated, backward, oppressed and inclined toward terror (Watt, 2012). Donald Trump’s speeches indicated the rise in hatred towards Muslims in USA.   Donald said that Muslims only care for Jihad indicating ISIS, and Muslims hates US.   Acc. To Trump, â€Å"why does President Obama defend Muslims in America? Oh, I can see that he is one of them, he is a Muslim, right?† From this it is obvious that Trump really hates Muslim and President Obama. By all this he was trying to construct the bad image of Muslim to gain supports form the American society. He builds his own image of a leader for all the Non-Muslims and supporters of Anti Muslims sentiments which especially effected the family of terrorism victims. (Puspitasari, 2016) The affiliation of Islam with terror has come to be acknowledged as fragment of the discourse on security and terrorism; it will be sufficing to say that â€Å"Muslim† and â€Å"terrorist† have ended up nearly synonymous (Eid, & Karim, 2011). The narrative â€Å"our Lone wolf/ Your terrorists† by Phillips and many others, depicts the relation between civilizing Christians and regressing Islam.   (Humphrys, 2012). If Trump didn’t create the terror narrative such a racial stereotype, white innocence and white supremacy his administration did exploit these theme. These two propagandas complement each other and their consequence effect Muslims a lot (Corbin, 2017). It is obvious from the behavior of the voter that Trump follower’s attitudes on the views like sexism, authoritarianism and Islamophobia differs from that of Clinton, influence of Islamophobia is strong in Trump’s followers (Blair, 2016). Trump’s Muslims hate during the atmosphere of terror incidents make the environment even more intense which influence his presidential campaign (Beydoun, 2017). Brooks, R. A, claims that Muslim inhabitants or citizens of the US symbolise to a genuine and developing terror threat to American society, especially in their assumed readiness or capacity to execute dangerous assaults in the US. It doesn’t seem that Muslim Americans are progressively influenced or proficient of involving terror assaults against their inhabitants (Brooks, 2011). This study revealed that of media coverage of such terror incidents are based on the concept of depicting Islam as a culture and religion of violence and fear, while US is a great Christian country. Coverage of terrorism highlights contrast in religion, demonizing Muslims and civilising Christians. Fatalities of terror were characterized as innocent, imploring, Christian, and otherworldly in a few ways, being slaughtered, harmed or frightened by wicked Muslim terrorist. In the US Media coverage assist in creating a sense of triviality of domestic terrorism and highlights devout contrasts that contribute to a ‘‘holy war,’’ while upgrading a culture of fear of Muslims and Islam (Powell, 2011). Long-term and short-term revelation to media labelling of Muslims as terrorists increases recognitions  of Muslims as destructive, which in turn increments  bolster for policies that hurt Muslims locally and globally (Saleem, Prot, Anderson, Lemieux, 2017). The occasions  of 9/11 constrained  the media’s hand to cover the Muslim and Arab minorities more regularly. This moreover caused the press to show news consumers with a more inclusive picture of these groups. One consequence was that the news media allowed Muslim-Americans more access after 9/11, and individuals  of this minority made themselves accessible to the media (Nacos & Torres-Reyna, 2003). The augment of Islamophobia in the West has raised concerns among analysts  and policymakers. While the standard media and a few political leaders relate Islam with savagery, the reports by noticeable organizations focus upon a common loathe of Muslims. An initial look at the clear figures uncovered that Western citizens hold different approaches of Islamophobic outlooks and these views from a general feeling around Muslims to the discernment of Muslims as compassionate of terrorist organizations (Ciftci, 2012). Being a victim of such forms of biasness on ordinary basis can prompt character issues. The effort of combining and absorbing  two diverse  societies  can regularly  feel like an amusement  of tug of war for Muslim Americans Youth (Al-Hamdani). Due to Trump’s hate towards Muslims general public of America believes trump is a solution to the â€Å"Muslim problem† in the west. But in reality since his election campaign and after the presidency situation stared to get worse as he has no understanding of basic human rights or the respect for the different religions and the people (Greene, 2016). The terms such as â€Å"terrorist† and â€Å"guerilla† which were endorsed by American Media after 9/11 as public relies on Media for information so this framing influenced the public opinion (Eid, & Karim 2011). US need to realise that real enemy is not Islam nor the Muslims in US it’s their ignorance (Bennett, 2016). Islamophobia or hatred towards Muslims is not going to make America great again (Carlson, 2016). Hypothesis President Trump’s entire political career and his success in 2017 elections was based on Islamophobia. Muslims in America are more vulnerable to bigotry and Islamophobia as a result of Donald Trump’s behaviour and actions. Trump call for Shutting Down Mosques In the wake of Paris terrorist attacks Donald Trump called for shutting down the Mosques. â€Å"Trump Doubles Down On Closing Mosques: Were Gonna Have No Choice (VIDEO).† Thus resulting in increased in directly attacks on mosques. This surged once again in December, 2015 which resultantly increased the number of attacks on mosques and Islamic schools dramatically as compare to the beginning of presidential campaign. In most cases the suspects were public supporters of presidential candidate Donald Trump. This political rhetoric created fertile ground for hatred and fear against Muslims in US. These attacks on mosques and Islamic institutes sends a strong message all over the world that Muslims are not welcome and not safe in the American society (Abdelkader). Trump Supporters are more likely to be Islamophobic In relapses to anticipate voting for Clinton or Trump, attitude measures were the strongest, noteworthy indicators of voting eagerly. The design would lead one to anticipate social dominance introduction to altogether foresee voting for Trump, but due to the overpowering quality of Islamophobia in anticipating votes for Trump, social dominance introduction did not come out as a critical indicator of voting for Trump vs. all others. People were more than 3 times more likely to vote for Trump for 2/4 each step they expanded on the Islamophobia scale and 2.6 times more likely to be undecided or voting for a third party candidate for each step that they diminished on the Islamophobia scale (Blair, 2016). All Terrorists Are Muslims This biased media depiction implies that Muslims are more inclined towards violence and hatred thus making them a threat to US and other western societies. Hence, it is important to part the general perceptions about Muslims from more specific approaches linking Muslims to aggression and terrorism (Ciftci). Association of Islam with terrorism seems to be accepted as part of the communication on security and terrorism, so much that the words â€Å"Muslim† and â€Å"terrorist† have become almost identical (Eid & Karim, 2011). This description of all Muslims as one psychological ‘species’, horribly chronological as it is, can at that point be utilized regularly  interface  Muslim  outrage  with all the ills of Islam, repeating the same xenophobia this time in pseudo-psychological discussion (Humphrys, 2012). Mass media links Islam and Muslims, with terrorism, depicting the religion and the group most normally as irrational, fundamentalist, and/or inclined to receptive aggression (Jackson). Why this was happening and what was the origin? Trump may not be the reason for making situation worse for Muslims in US but he didn’t help either (Bennett, 2016). Trump’s racist election campaign The racist factor during Trump’s election campaign help his throughout his entire political career. It is really ironic that in the most developed country like US a person like Trump can win with majority, most of the researchers believes that Trump won the elections due to his racism and Islamophobic stance and it was due to his attitude that caused the uprising and protest in throughout US even when his votes were being counted (OFarrell, 2017). What makes this even more threatening is that Trump is very bold, open and vocal about his feeling about anything (Carlson, 2016). No White People Are Terrorists In today’s mass societies individuals are indeed more reliant on the news since they have â€Å"nowhere else to turn for information about general affairs and for guidelines on how to perceive and decipher that information† (Neuman, Russell, Just & Crigler 1996). A Muslim accountable for aggression that expresses adoration for previous mass shooters and writes â€Å"[t]hose that allow their God to be mocked have no God† would instantly be branded a terrorist. A white Christian accountable for aggression that expresses adoration for the Charleston attacker and who compose that exceptional sentence, however, is not (Corbin). The Washington Post portrays assault against Western European targets (2015-2016), and assault against Muslim majority communities, differently. In covering assaults on France and Belgium, The Post utilized â€Å"terrorism frames† to formulate coverage while constantly humanizing victims and drawing associations between European societies and the Western world more usually. Assaults against Turkey and Nigeria were covered less significantly and were mainly portrayed as domestic clash (el-Nawawy & Elmasry).   Accordingly, journalists, editors and producers in the news media make decisions persistently about who, how and what to display  in the news; such choices are affected by their organizations’ standard working  methods  (Nacos & Torres-Reyna, 2003).   Major networks in US rarely aired helpful content for Muslims  neither externally nor internally.   Important issues that consider on the news about Muslims involve residential security, worldwide clashes, and terrorism (Al-Hamdani, Y, 2016). The Islamophobic Trump’s Administration Trump’s hate and bigotry which laid foundation to his political career has now reached White House. His team includes some Islamophobics like Steve Bannon, Michael Flynn, and Sebastian Gorka. Trump support and inclination towards Muslims has encouraged hateful elements to act freely against Muslims (Patel & Levinson-Waldman, 2017). Subjugation of Muslim Women In the evolution of chronological Islamophobia to gendered Islamophobia, Juliane Hammer outlined the complications of Islamophobia focussed towards Muslim women in America. She makes the case that gender, as a social develop, is depicted as Muslim men being brutal terrorists and Muslim women being dominated by Muslim men; thus the need for Muslim women to be liberate from their religion and civilization (Ernst, 2013). Instead of the fact that social tradition shifts broadly, numerous non-Muslims have tended to view the role of women as permanent and homogenous, and western societies deliver a set of presumptions and depictions about the Islamic custom of covering for ladies which build it as a representation of backwardness, spiritual fundamentalism, male domination, and terrorism (Watt, 2012). Discrimination among White Terrorists & Muslim Terrorists Reporting of terrorist incidents shows a design of media coverage of terrorism in which fear of global terrorism is central, mainly as Muslims=Arabs=Islam functioning mutually in structured terrorist cells in opposition to ‘‘Christian America,’’ whereas household terrorism is radiate as a slight danger that occurs in confined occurrences by disturbed people (Powell). As Glenn Greenwald wrote in Salon (2011): What it says is what we’ve seen over an over: that Terrorism has no purposeful meaning and, in any case in American political conversations, has come partially to mean: aggression committed by Muslims whom the West loathes, no matter the reason or the objective. Undoubtedly, in many media circles, argument of the Oslo assault rapidly morphed from this is Terrorism (when it was accepted Muslims did it) to no, this isn’t Terrorism, just extremism (once it got to be likely that Muslims didn’t).   The Politics of Islamophobia These political views of Trump were shared by precedence Presidents and pioneers as well (Beydoun, 2017). Western citizens see Muslims as obsessive, aggressive and supportive of terrorism because they believe them to be hostile to their physical well-being and social values. This feeling is used by media and right-wing leaders to nourish the xenophobia of a new variety (Ciftci, 2012). The media also reported that pioneers like President Bush and New York’s Mayor Rudi Giuliani advice Americans not to express their rage toward cultural and devout minorities. It appears that these reports did not obliterate the public’s questions regarding Muslim- and Arab-Americans’ patriotism (Nacos, & Torres-Reyna, 2003). Ban on Muslims On March 6, 2017, Trump issued an executive order that hits Muslims. This ban has a variety of negative outcomes and more far reaching consequences. It reinforces the idea of Islamophobia in the country, thus the US administration is responsible for promoting hate against Muslims not only in the US but the whole world. The first executive order, January 2017 faced protests by disheartened Americans across the US. Trump administration’s unjust ban on Muslims community helped Muslims American in gaining sympathetic support among America’s mainstream. (Jamal, 2017). Conclusion Lack of interest and knowledge regarding Muslims, their culture, norms and values leads to a manipulative Islamophobia. Muslims must be sentient that in the view of Non –Muslims they represent themselves collectively not individually. Media should play a vital role in negating such anti-Muslim propagandas. Balanced news reporting of Muslims, in the US as well as internationally, can decrease the perception that Muslims are supporting terrorism or extremist activities. The Muslim community is diverse in US in many aspects of race, class or creed so associating an individual, as a Muslim on the basis of their appearance is not usually accurate. When society assumes that all Muslims practices same religious practices and convictions, they are making the judgment that fundamentally all the Muslim community is same there no distinction between the individuals of that bunches and all of them are inalienably homogeneous. Why precisely is this fear and hate occurring in spite of the fact that and where is it coming from? Trump isn’t the reason Americans are undermining Muslims and mosques in specific all through the US, but he isn’t making a difference either. After each incident that happens including a terror assault, hate crimes emerge. An article by Corky Siemaszko from NBC found that after the Paris assaults, 38 anti-Muslim assaults happened in the blink of an eye from there on. 18 of those assaults happened straightforwardly after the December 2nd butcher in San Bernardino as well. Politically incorrect statements like this are fueling the fire of the fear and hatred the American people are feeling. The generalizations that are circulated in the media may not have hurtful expectation, but they are maligning Muslims picture in the western society and may lead to clandestine and obvious separation on interpersonal levels. Representations in US media of Islam and Muslims barely scratch the surface when it comes to the differing qualities of the community, around the world: in Middle East, in UN, and in other Western and Eastern nations. Thematic, logical, and critical lessons in media education must complement the formal educational programs almost Islam to optimize the dynamic mindfulness and basic gathering of what is eventually depicted as ordinary to think almost Muslims in the mass media. It will suffice to say that Donald Trump due to his hatred towards Muslims has made the situation in the USA for Muslims worst after terrorism attacks in California and San Bernardino. He manipulates and takes advantage from these attack which are committed by Muslim to provoke anti Muslims elements and gain their favour like he did during his elections campaign by announcing a ban on Muslim from entering US. Due to which the anti-Muslims elements side with and cast vote for him, his Islamophobic actions contribute to his political career and success making the life of Muslims in US worse and worse day by day. References Al-Hamdani, Y. (2016). Islamophobia and the young Muslim American experience (Doctoral dissertation, Middle Tennessee State University). Abdelkader, E. (2016). When Islamophobia turns violent: the 2016 US presidential elections. Brooks, R. A. (2011). Muslim â€Å"homegrown† terrorism in the United States: how serious is the threat?. International Security, 36(2), 7-47. Blair, K. L. (2016). A ‘basket of deplorables’? A new study finds that Trump supporters are more likely to be Islamophobic, racist, transphobic and homophobic. USApp–American Politics and Policy Blog. Beydoun, K. A. (2017). Muslim Bans and the (Re) Making of Political Islamophobia. U. Ill. L. Rev., 1733. Bennett, S. (2016). Republican Party Jumps on Board for Islamophobia. Ciftci, S. (2012). Islamophobia and threat perceptions: Explaining anti-Muslim sentiment in the West. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 32(3), 293-309. Carlson, G. A. (2016). I’m Not Racist, I Love Those People: How Trump’s Language Reveals His Bigotry. Corbin, C. M. (2017). Terrorists are Always Muslim But Never White: At the Intersection of Critical Race Theory and Propaganda. Eid, M., & Karim, K. H. (2011). Ten years after 9/11—What have we learned?. Global Media Journal—Canadian Edition, 4(2), 1-12. el-Nawawy, M., &Elmasry, M. H. (2017). Valuing Victims: A Comparative Framing Analysis of The Washington Post’s Coverage of Violent Attacks Against Muslims and Non-Muslims. International Journal of Communication, 11, 20. Greenwald, G. (2011). The Omnipotence of Al Qaeda and Meaninglessness of ‘Terrorism.’.  Salon, July,  23. Greene, R. L. (2016). Islamophobia â€Å"Trumps† Reason. Humphrys, E. (2012). Your ‘Terrorists’, Our ‘Lone Wolves’: Utà ¸ya in the shadow of 9/11. 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The Pencil Box :: essays research papers

THE PENCIL BOX   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nobody liked Jane. As soon as Emily Sweet found that copy of Anne of Green Gables—a three-hundred-page-long book! —in Jane's faded purple kindergarten backpack, that was it. Any hope Jane had for a normal life, for swing on the swings, for making a life long friend, someone to share secrets and giggles with, someone to teeter totter with, was over, because nobody likes the smart girl. Nobody likes someone who totes a three hundred page long book to read on the bus. That is the jungle gym's unwritten rule.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well, maybe it's not totally accurate to say that nobody liked Jane. That's not an entirely true statement. Teachers liked Jane. Teachers loved Jane, even though Jane thought they had a funny way of showing it, giving her another worksheet to do when she finished the assigned worksheet fifteen minutes before the rest of the class, telling her parents that Jane was a special child, maybe they should move her to a higher grade and her parents always saying no, we want our daughter to have a normal childhood. It became quite normal for them to have these conversations while Jane sat outside the door wit ha garage sale, dog eared copy of Gone With the Wind—a five-hundred-page-long book! —swinging her patent leather Mary Jane shoes because they didn't reach the ground and she had to do something to keep her attention through the first twenty pages, pages she always found sub-standard to an otherwise exhilarating book. Yes, supposedly teachers just loved Jan e. That's what all the other children accused them of, love, favoritism, unfair grading, and things like that. They just loved Jane, even though they showed it weird ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It took Jane's second grade teacher, Mrs. Terada to really show some Jane some love. Jane thought Mrs. Terada was an absolute nitwit, with her long skinny arms and legs, looking down at all the children through a tiny pair of glasses perched on the end of her nose. And oh, it took all the acting Jane could muster to smile and nod, to not roll her eyes and stick out her tongue when Mrs. Terada presented her with the box. The box sat next to the rattling heat register (that always seemed to work in September, never in December). Under its hot pink cover were rows and rows of manila files, each containing a set of math worksheets, maybe a short story with comprehension questions at the end.